Mechanisms by which the orexigen Neuropeptide Y ( NPY ) regulates 1 anorexigenic - melanocyte - stimulating hormone ( - MSH ) and thyrotropin - 2 releasing hormone ( TRH ) 3 4 5 6

نویسندگان

  • Nicole E. Cyr
  • Anika M. Toorie
  • Jennifer S. Steger
  • Matthew M. Sochat
  • Mario Perello
  • Ronald Stuart
  • Eduardo A. Nillni
چکیده

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Mechanisms by which the orexigen NPY regulates anorexigenic α-MSH and TRH.

Protein posttranslational processing is a cellular mechanism fundamental to the generation of bioactive peptides, including the anorectic α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) and thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) peptides produced in the hypothalamic arcuate (ARC) and paraventricular (PVN) nuclei, respectively. Neuropeptide Y (NPY) promotes positive energy balance in part by suppressing α...

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Transcriptional regulation of the thyrotropin-releasing hormone gene by leptin and melanocortin signaling.

Starvation causes a rapid reduction in thyroid hormone levels in rodents. This adaptive response is caused by a reduction in thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) expression that can be reversed by the administration of leptin. Here we examined hypothalamic signaling pathways engaged by leptin to upregulate TRH gene expression. As assessed by leptin-induced expression of suppressor of cytokine si...

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Leptin Regulates Prothyrotropin-releasing Hormone Biosynthesis

The hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis is down-regulated during starvation, and falling levels of leptin are a critical signal for this adaptation, acting to suppress preprothyrotropin-releasing hormone (prepro-TRH) mRNA expression in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus. This study addresses the mechanism for this regulation, using primary cultures of fetal rat hypothalamic neurons...

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Melanocortin 4 receptor distribution in the human hypothalamus.

OBJECTIVE The melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R) is an essential regulator of energy homeostasis and metabolism, and MC4R mutations represent the most prevalent monogenetic cause of obesity in humans known to date. Hypothalamic MC4Rs in rodents are well characterized in neuroanatomical and functional terms, but their expression pattern in the human hypothalamus is unknown. DESIGN AND METHODS To d...

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NPY and MC4R signaling regulate thyroid hormone levels during fasting through both central and peripheral pathways.

Fasting-induced suppression of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis is an adaptive response to decrease energy expenditure during food deprivation. Previous studies demonstrate that leptin communicates nutritional status to the HPT axis through thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus. Leptin targets TRH neurons either directly or ind...

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تاریخ انتشار 2013